Method of and means for forming watermarks in paper



Feb. 2 1926.

J. L. FEARING METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR FORMING WATERMARKS IN PAPER Filed Nov. 11

ATTORNEY):

Patented Feh. 2, 193a,v

UNITE-D STA Es.

A 1,571,715 PATENT onion, 1

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ilk This invention relates to the production of watermarks in paper in the per-ation of paper makingmachines, and has for its object the formation of the watermark while not the greater the machine is operating at high speed and without the necessity/of slowing down the operation as has heretofore been the prac tice. As far as I am aware, the indenting projections or-lines of the watermark formative design have been heretofore arranged on their support, more commonly known as the dandy roll of the paper making machine,

without regard to the direction of travel of the pulp layer with which they cooperate 1 n indenting the watermark therein, many; if number of such projections or lines, extending transversely of the direction of travel. Gonsequently, with the machine operating at high speed, the pulp would pile up and accumulate on the roll in the. angles between. the surface of the same and the projections, and, in consequence, design, pressed in the pulp layer. action it has been the custom to slow down the operation of the machine to a rate ot travel which would permit the proper indentation of the pulp layer hy the formative design without the pulp accumulating and filling in the indentin transverse projections. uch reduction 0 speed, however, is very undesirable and ohjectionahleas 1t greatly reduces the capacity of the machine and causes considerah e loss in output. To enahle the machine to he operated at the high rates of speednow generally adopted, where no formative design is required, and at the same time to provide for the formation oi the watermark in the paper, 1 propose, in accordance with my invention, to arrange the indenting projections of which the watermarh formative design is composed,

and the latter would fail to loe inror suhstantially so, in the direction oi travei the ulp layer, as distinguished irons crosswise thereof, with the result that would soon obliterate the formative To avoid this theie'will be no opportunity forthe pulpto accumulate on or fill in'the indenting proyections, even under the condition of the maximum speed of operation of the machine,

and my invention consists in the improved method of forming the watermark, and in the improved apparatus. for carrying said method into 'effect,'which will be fully de scribed in-detail in the specification to folk low, and the novel-features thereof pointed out in the appended claims.

, Inthe accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a portion of the wet end of a Fourdrinier paper mak- W ing machine, having my invention embodied therein.

Fig. 2. is an elevation on an enlarged scale of the dandy roll removed from the machine, showing my invention applied thereto.

F g. 3 s a cross section through the same. Fig. 4; 1s a view showing a modified form of the invention. i

Referring to the drawings:'

In the accompanying drawings I have t shown the invention applied to the (land roll of a paper making machine, but it wi l heunderst'ood that the invention is not limited to the dandy roll, but may he applied 4 v in connect i0n with other parts of the machine moving in contact with the traveling pulp layer at a point in the machine where the layer is in a condition to be indented y or impressed with the watermark 'de-.

sign; Y

. Referring to Fig, 1, the pulp layer 1 supported by the forming wire 2, is advanced by the traveling wire over suction boxes 3 which withdraw the water downwardly from the moist pulp as usual, Cooperating with the traveling pulp layer is a dandy roll 4, formed as usual'ot heavy wire use and mounted by end giournals to rotate in contact with the trave ing pulp layer so as to smooth down the surface or the same the best shown in Fig, 2;, the roll has applied to its external surface a series otwatermarlr formative designs 5, which designs in the present instance simulate treem'and' which are arranged at intervals lengthwise and circumferentially of the roll so as to produce in-the paper sheet, corresponding water mark designs at the desired points.

in accordance with my invention the de signs 5 are made up are series oi? indenting projections 6, in the :tornieat lengths off in the direction of the movement or rotation of the same, and in the direction of the travel of the pulp layer, the said indenting projections in the rotation of the roll in contact with the-traveling pulp layer, indenting or compressing the. pulp and forming watermarks therein. v

- Due to the disposition of the indenting projections-in the general direction of'move- 1 ment of the roll and of the travel of the 5 .pulp layer, as distinguished from crosswise thereof, there willbeno tendency of the pulp to back up and accumulate in the angles between the surface of the roll and indent ing projections, and thereby fill up the formative design, even at the highest rate of s eed at which paper making machines of the present day are operated, as there will be no projections extending crosswise of the travel of the pulp layer and obstructing the movement of the same as heretofore, and consequently the watermark may be clearly and roperly formed in the pulp layer without t e necessity of slowing down the operation of the machine.

In 'Fig. 2 the indenting projections or wires 6 are each shown as continuous throughout their length, but this is not necessary for the full realization of all of the benefits and advantages of the invention, as they.

may be broken or interrupted as shown in Fig. 4,; and instead of I being straight throughout as shown, they may be wavy or undulating, the important requirement being that, 1n whatever form the individual projections or wires are made, they be so isp'o'sed in relation to the travel of the pulp layer, as not to ofi'er suflicient obstruct-ion to the movement of the pulp to cause the latter to 10d e in or fill up the formative deand t ereby obliterate the same. will be understood that the invention is not limited'to aformative design ofthe particular configuration illustrated, as that shown is one selected merely by way of example; and it is manifest that any desired design or configuration may be made up of formative projections or lines disposed in accordancewith the invention 'as hereinbeventlon in the particular detailed. form which I prefer to adopt, but it will be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular form or construction of the parts except in so far as such limitations are specified in the claims.

' Having thus described my invention, what I claim is;

1. The methodof forming watermarks in paper, which consists in subjecting the traveling pulp layer to the action of indentin'g projections constitutingth'e watermark formative design and. disposed substantially solely in the general direction of the travel of the pulp layer.

2.-In a aper making machine, the combination 0 means for supporting the traveling pulp layer, a rotary roll in position to contact with the said layer, and indenting projections on. said roll constituting the watermark formative design and extending substantially solely in the general direction of :the travel of the ulp layer.

3. In a aper making'machine, the combination 0 means for supporting the traveling pulp layer, a rotar dandy roll in osition to contact with'sald layer, and in enting projections on said dandy roll constituting the watermark formative design andextending substantially "solely in the general direction of the travel of the pulp layer.

4. A watermark forming device for paper making machines comprising a suitable support adapted to move in contact with the pulp layer in the general direction of the travel of the same, and having on the surface thereof indenting projections constituting the watermark formative design, said projections being disposed substantially solely in the general direction of the movement of the supporting device and pulp layer. i

In testimony whereof, I have afiixed my signature hereto. 7 Y

JOSEPH LEA FEABING. 

